Equipment:
- Arduino x 1
- Breadboard x 1
- Arduino Holder x 1
- CIRC-06 Breadboard Sheet x 1
- Piezo Element x 1
- Wire x 4
References:
- http://www.oomlout.com/a/products/ardx/circ-06
- http://ardx.org/src/circ/CIRC06-code.txt
- http://ardx.org/src/circ/CIRC06-sheet-SPAR.pdf
Program Details:
The building of the circuit in this exercise very very simple. The only new thing is the introduction of the Piezo Element. The Piezo element has 2 leads and is in a circular shape, the positive lead must be connected to arduino an arduino pin, and the negative lead to the ground. The positive lead will have a plus sign on top of it.
Once again, there are a lot of new concepts introduced in the programming. First, an array, char notes[], is used to hold a bunch of the same type of data in one simple line, instead of creating a lot of different variables. Secondly, methods with parameters are introduced, playNote(char note, int duration). When a method has parameters, it must be called by using the same type of data as indicated in the parameters. For example, this line of code, playTone(tones[i], duration), calls the method playNote using a character (tones[i]) and an integer (duration). This method cannot be called by simply typing playNote(). Thirdly, when a method is called, the program goes to the method and progresses through it before continuing on with the next line of code.
Even by understand all the new concepts , this program is still quite hard to understand so the comments given should be looked at to fully understand the code.
The building of the circuit in this exercise very very simple. The only new thing is the introduction of the Piezo Element. The Piezo element has 2 leads and is in a circular shape, the positive lead must be connected to arduino an arduino pin, and the negative lead to the ground. The positive lead will have a plus sign on top of it.
Once again, there are a lot of new concepts introduced in the programming. First, an array, char notes[], is used to hold a bunch of the same type of data in one simple line, instead of creating a lot of different variables. Secondly, methods with parameters are introduced, playNote(char note, int duration). When a method has parameters, it must be called by using the same type of data as indicated in the parameters. For example, this line of code, playTone(tones[i], duration), calls the method playNote using a character (tones[i]) and an integer (duration). This method cannot be called by simply typing playNote(). Thirdly, when a method is called, the program goes to the method and progresses through it before continuing on with the next line of code.
Even by understand all the new concepts , this program is still quite hard to understand so the comments given should be looked at to fully understand the code.
Time to Complete: 2 mins to assemble
15 mins to program
Results: Our Piezo element ran perfectly the first time we did this. It played the first verse of Twinkle Twinkle Little Star.
Photo:
Video:
Tips:
- Make sure you understand your code, there are a lot of loops and many new concepts
- If your Piezo element is not playing, try switching its two leads around
Further Work: I will try to make another short song using the Piezo Element, such as Mary Had a Little Lamb or Happy Birthday. I will also attach an LED to display the beat of the song.
Program Modifications:
This program is the exact same one from the link below:
Program:
int speakerPin = 9; // sets the input pin to pin9
int length = 15; // the number of notes
char notes[] = "ccggaagffeeddc "; // the notes in order
int beats[] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4 }; // the beat of the notes
int tempo = 300; // the speed of the melody
void playTone(int tone, int duration) // method playTone used to play a tone
{
for (long i = 0; i < duration * 1000L; i += tone * 2) //note is only played as long as it is less than its duration
{
digitalWrite(speakerPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(tone);
digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(tone);
}// ends for loop
}// ends playTone
void playNote(char note, int duration) // method playNote used to play a note
{
char names[] = { 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'a', 'b', 'C' }; // Notes in the song
int tones[] = { 1915, 1700, 1519, 1432, 1275, 1136, 1014, 956 }; // Tone of each note
// plays the tone corresponding to the note name
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) // playes all 8 notes
{
if (names[i] == note) // corresponds the tone with the note
{
playTone(tones[i], duration); // refers to playTone method giving it the parameters
}
}// ends for loop
}// ends playNote
void setup() // intializes once when program runs
{
pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT); // sets speakerpin as an output
}
void loop() // loop continues as long as there is power
{
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) // plays 15 notes
{
if (notes[i] == ' ') // if the character is a space..
{
delay(beats[i] * tempo); // then there is a rest
}
else // otherwise...
{
playNote(notes[i], beats[i] * tempo); // play the note according to the beat and tempo
}
delay(tempo / 2); // creates a slight pause
}// ends for loop
}// ends the loop
int speakerPin = 9; // sets the input pin to pin9
int length = 15; // the number of notes
char notes[] = "ccggaagffeeddc "; // the notes in order
int beats[] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 4 }; // the beat of the notes
int tempo = 300; // the speed of the melody
void playTone(int tone, int duration) // method playTone used to play a tone
{
for (long i = 0; i < duration * 1000L; i += tone * 2) //note is only played as long as it is less than its duration
{
digitalWrite(speakerPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(tone);
digitalWrite(speakerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(tone);
}// ends for loop
}// ends playTone
void playNote(char note, int duration) // method playNote used to play a note
{
char names[] = { 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'a', 'b', 'C' }; // Notes in the song
int tones[] = { 1915, 1700, 1519, 1432, 1275, 1136, 1014, 956 }; // Tone of each note
// plays the tone corresponding to the note name
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) // playes all 8 notes
{
if (names[i] == note) // corresponds the tone with the note
{
playTone(tones[i], duration); // refers to playTone method giving it the parameters
}
}// ends for loop
}// ends playNote
void setup() // intializes once when program runs
{
pinMode(speakerPin, OUTPUT); // sets speakerpin as an output
}
void loop() // loop continues as long as there is power
{
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) // plays 15 notes
{
if (notes[i] == ' ') // if the character is a space..
{
delay(beats[i] * tempo); // then there is a rest
}
else // otherwise...
{
playNote(notes[i], beats[i] * tempo); // play the note according to the beat and tempo
}
delay(tempo / 2); // creates a slight pause
}// ends for loop
}// ends the loop
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